Iron supplementation among pregnant women: results from a population-based survey study / Suplementacao com sulfato ferroso entre gestantes: resultados de estudo transversal de base populacional

Objectives: To measure the prevalence and risk factors associated with iron supplementation among pregnant women in the municipality of Rio Grande, Southern Brazil. Methods: All mothers living in this municipality who had children in 2007 were surveyed for demographic, socioeconomic and health care received during pregnancy and childbirth. The statistical analysis consisted of Poisson regression with robust adjustment of variance, and the measure of effect was prevalence ratio (PR). Results: Among the 2,557 mothers interviewed (99% of total), 59% were supplemented with iron during pregnancy period. After adjusting for various confounding factors, a higher PR to iron supplementation was observed among teenagers, women with black skin color, primigravidae, who had six or more antenatal visits, who performed prenatal care in public sector and received vitamin during pregnancy. Conclusion: There is a clear need to increase the iron supplementation coverage of all pregnant women, especially among those currently considered with low gestational risk. .

Objetivos: Medir a prevalência e identificar fatores associados à suplementação com sulfato ferroso entre gestantes residentes no município de Rio Grande, RS. Métodos: Mães residentes neste município que tiveram filho em 2007 foram investigadas quanto a características demográficas, nível socioeconômico e assistência recebida durante a gestação e o parto. Na análise estatística, foi utilizada regressão de Poisson com ajuste robusto da variância, e a medida de efeito foi razão de prevalências (RP). Resultados: Dentre as 2.557 mães entrevistadas (99% do total), 59% foram suplementadas com sulfato ferroso durante a gestação. Após análise ajustando para diversos fatores de confusão, mostraram maior RP à suplementação com sulfato ferroso as gestantes adolescentes, de cor da pele preta, primigestas, que realizaram seis ou mais consultas de pré-natal, que fizeram essas consultas na rede pública e que receberam complexo vitamínico durante a gestação. Conclusão: Há evidente necessidade de aumentar a cobertura da suplementação com sulfato ferroso entre todas as gestantes, sobretudo entre aquelas tidas, em geral, como de menor risco gestacional. .

Iron supplementation among pregnant women: results from a population-based survey study.

OBJECTIVES: To measure the prevalence and risk factors associated with iron supplementation among pregnant women in the municipality of Rio Grande, Southern Brazil. METHODS: All mothers living in this municipality who had children in 2007 were surveyed for demographic, socioeconomic and health care received during pregnancy and childbirth. The statistical analysis consisted of Poisson regression with robust adjustment of variance, and the measure of effect was prevalence ratio (PR). RESULTS: Among the 2,557 mothers interviewed (99% of total), 59% were supplemented with iron during pregnancy period. After adjusting for various confounding factors, a higher PR to iron supplementation was observed among teenagers, women with black skin color, primigravidae, who had six or more antenatal visits, who performed prenatal care in public sector and received vitamin during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: There is a clear need to increase the iron supplementation coverage of all pregnant women, especially among those currently considered with low gestational risk.

[Self-reported hypertension: validation in a representative cross-sectional survey]. / Hipertensão arterial sistêmica auto-referida: validação diagnóstica em estudo de base populacional.

To assess the validity of self-reported hypertension, a population-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Pelotas, Southern Brazil. Individuals aged 20 years were selected through probabilistic two-stage sampling. All 2,949 participants had their blood pressure measured twice (5 minutes apart) during a household visit. Those presenting systolic pressure 140 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure 90 mmHg were revisited. The gold standard for hypertension was the mean of the two measures taken at the second visit and/or use of anti-hypertensive drugs. Self-reported hypertension was obtained through the question: 'Has any doctor ever said that you have high blood pressure?'. Prevalence rates for self-reported and measured hypertension were 33.6% and 29.5%, respectively. Sensitivity was 84.3% (81.7-86.7%), specificity 87.5% (86.0-88.9%), positive predictive value 73.9% (71.0-76.6%), and negative predictive value 93.0% (91.8-94.1%). Self-reporting is a reliable method for monitoring prevalence of hypertension, one of the most important risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases.

Hipertensão arterial sistêmica auto-referida: validação diagnóstica em estudo de base populacional / Self-reported hypertension: validation in a representative cross-sectional survey

Com o objetivo de investigar a validade do auto-relato de hipertensão arterial, realizou-se estudo transversal, de base populacional, com indivíduos de 20 anos ou mais de idade, residentes em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, selecionados por amostragem probabilística em dois estágios. A pressão arterial foi medida duas vezes (cinco minutos de intervalo) em 2.949 participantes visitados em casa. Aqueles com pressão sistólica 140mmHg e/ou diastólica 90mmHg foram revisitados, e a pressão medida mais duas vezes. Conforme padrão-ouro, hipertensão foi definida pela média das pressões na segunda visita ou uso de medicação anti-hipertensiva. O auto-relato foi obtido por meio da pergunta: "Algum médico disse que o(a) Sr.(a) tem pressão alta?". A prevalência auto-referida foi 33,6 por cento, e a medida, 29,5 por cento. A sensibilidade foi 84,3 por cento (IC95 por cento: 81,7-86,7), especificidade 87,5 por cento (IC95 por cento: 86,0-88,9), valor preditivo positivo 73,9 por cento (IC95 por cento: 71,0-76,6) e negativo de 93,0 por cento (IC95 por cento: 91,8-94,1). O auto-relato mostrou-se válido para monitoração da prevalência de hipertensão, um dos mais importantes fatores de risco para as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis.

To assess the validity of self-reported hypertension, a population-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Pelotas, Southern Brazil. Individuals aged 20 years were selected through probabilistic two-stage sampling. All 2,949 participants had their blood pressure measured twice (5 minutes apart) during a household visit. Those presenting systolic pressure 140mmHg and/or diastolic pressure 90mmHg were revisited. The gold standard for hypertension was the mean of the two measures taken at the second visit and/or use of anti-hypertensive drugs. Self-reported hypertension was obtained through the question: "Has any doctor ever said that you have high blood pressure?". Prevalence rates for self-reported and measured hypertension were 33.6 percent and 29.5 percent, respectively. Sensitivity was 84.3 percent (81.7-86.7 percent), specificity 87.5 percent (86.0-88.9 percent), positive predictive value 73.9 percent (71.0-76.6 percent), and negative predictive value 93.0 percent (91.8-94.1 percent). Self-reporting is a reliable method for monitoring prevalence of hypertension, one of the most important risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases.